Colostrum onderzoek

Literatuur onderzoek Colostrum op Pubmed 2000-2010

Conclusie: er is veel onderzocht vooral bij proef-dieren. Binnenkort maken wij het overzicht van onderzoeken over de periode 2010 - 2024. Er zijn stappen gemaakt. Vaak wordt geconcludeerd dat "nader onderzoek nodig is". En dat is gedaan. Colostrum blijft een bijzonder mooi superfood rijk aan goede nutriënten.

1 Bovine colostrum supplementation and exercise performance: potential mechanisms.
2 The effects of bovine colostrum supplementation on body composition and exercise performance in active men and women.
3 Effect of bovine colostrum on anaerobic exercise performance and plasma insulin-like growth factor/
4 Health factors in colostrum.
5 Prevention of influenza episodes with colostrum compared with vaccination in healthy and high-risk cardiovascular subjects: the epidemiologic study in San Valentino.
6 A preparation from bovine colostrum in the treatment of HIV-positive patients with chronic diarrhea.
7 Concentrated bovine colostrum protein supplementation reduces the incidence of self-reported symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection in adult males.
8 IGF-I, IgA, and IgG responses to bovine colostrum supplementation during training.
9 Colostrum and milk-derived peptide growth factors for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.
10 Detection of cytokines in bovine colostrum.
11 Bovine colostrum is a health food supplement which prevents NSAID induced gut damage.
12 Protein metabolism and strength performance after bovine colostrum supplementation.
13 Immune components of bovine colostrum and milk.
14 Effects of oral bovine colostrum supplementation on serum insulin-like growth factor-I levels.
15 Effect of a Growth Protein-Colostrum Fraction on bone development in juvenile rats.
16 Use of the 'nutriceutical', bovine colostrum, for the treatment of distal colitis: results from an initial study.
17 Bovine colostrum ameliorates diarrhea in infection with diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, shiga toxin-producing E. Coli, and E. coli expressing intimin and hemolysin.
18 Bactericidal effect of bovine normal and immune serum, colostrum and milk against Helicobacter pylori.
19 [Therapeutic properties of proteins and peptides from colostrum and milk]
20 Bovine colostrum supplementation during endurance running training improves recovery, but not performance.
21 Health-promoting effects of bovine colostrum in Type 2 diabetic patients can reduce blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and ketones.
22 Dose effects of oral bovine colostrum on physical work capacity in cyclists.
23 The effect of bovine colostrum supplementation on exercise performance in elite field hockey players.
24 Modulation of human humoral immune response through orally administered bovine colostrum.
25 Co-administration of the health food supplement, bovine colostrum, reduces the acute non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced increase in intestinal permeability.
26 Defatted bovine colostrum-supplemented diet around weaning improves exocrine pancreatic secretion by means of volume, digestive enzymes, and antibacterial activity.
27 The influence of bovine colostrum supplementation on exercise performance in highly trained cyclists.
28 Oral bovine colostrum supplementation enhances buffer capacity but not rowing performance in elite female rowers.
29 Bovine colostrum modulates cytokine production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and phytohemagglutinin.
30 Insulin-like growth factor-I and its binding proteins in colostrum compared to measures in serum of Holstein neonates.
31 Immunomodulatory effects of bovine colostrum in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
32 Bovine colostrum supplementation and exercise performance: potential mechanisms.
33 Successful treatment of rotavirus diarrhea in children with immunoglobulin from immunized bovine colostrum.
34 ColoPlus, a new product based on bovine colostrum, alleviates HIV-associated diarrhoea.
35 Oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates in bovine milk and colostrum.
36 Technological options for the production of health-promoting proteins and peptides derived from milk and colostrum.
37 Bovine colostrum as a biologic in clinical medicine: a review--Part II: clinical studies.
38 The effect of bovine colostrum supplementation on salivary IgA in distance runners.
39 Antioxidants in bovine colostrum.
40 A low-molecular-weight fraction of bovine colostrum and milk enhances the oxidative burst activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
41 Bovine colostrum promotes growth and migration of the human keratinocyte HaCaT cell line.
42 Lactoferrin: a general review.
43 A review: the active peptide of lactoferrin.
44 Cancer prevention by bovine lactoferrin and underlying mechanisms--a review of experimental and clinical studies.
45 Lactoferrin: molecular structure and biological function.
46 Colds and influenza: a review of diagnosis and conventional, botanical, and nutritional considerations.
47 Multifunctional roles of lactoferrin: a critical overview.
48 'Iron-saturated' lactoferrin is a potent natural adjuvant for augmenting cancer chemotherapy.
49 Lactoferrin activates macrophages via TLR4-dependent and -independent signaling pathways.
50 Lactoferrin: a modulator of immune and inflammatory responses.
51 Lactoferrin and cancer disease prevention.
52 Oral administration of bovine lactoferrin for treatment of intractable stomatitis in feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-positive and FIV-negative cats.
53 Gastric digestion of bovine lactoferrin in vivo in adults.
54 Bovine lactoferrin and lactoferricin derived from milk: production and applications.
55 Bovine lactoferrin prevents the entry and intercellular spread of herpes simplex virus type 1 in Green Monkey Kidney cells.
56 The therapeutic effect of bovine lactoferrin in the host infected with Helicobacter pylori.
57 Effects of orally administered bovine lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase on influenza virus infection in mice.
58 Effect of orally administered bovine lactoferrin on the growth of adenomatous colorectal polyps in a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
59 A double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study of bovine lactoferrin supplementation in bottle-fed infants.
60 Bovine lactoferrin for Helicobacter pylori eradication: an open, randomized, multicentre study.
61 Bovine lactoferrin receptors in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis.
62 Bovine lactoferrin supplementation supports immune and antioxidant status in healthy human males.
63 Orally administered bovine lactoferrin induces caspase-1 and interleukin-18 in the mouse intestinal mucosa: a possible explanation for inhibition of carcinogenesis and metastasis.
64 Meta-analysis: efficacy of bovine lactoferrin in Helicobacter pylori eradication.
65 Use of bovine lactoferrin for Helicobacter pylori eradication.
66 Efficacy and tolerability of oral bovine lactoferrin compared to ferrous sulfate in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia: a prospective controlled randomized study.
67 Twenty-five years of research on bovine lactoferrin applications.
68 Ca2+ binding to bovine lactoferrin enhances protein stability and influences the release of bacterial lipopolysaccharide.
69 A novel bovine lactoferrin peptide, FKCRRWQWRM, suppresses Candida cell growth and activates neutrophils.
70 Immunoregulatory effects of a nutritional preparation containing bovine lactoferrin taken orally by healthy individuals.
71 Effect of short-term dietary intake of bovine lactoferrin on intestinal lymphocyte apoptosis in healthy mice.
72 Bovine lactoferrin protects lipopolysaccharide-induced diarrhea modulating nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 in mice.
73 Effects of bovine lactoferrin on the immune system and the intestinal microflora of adult dogs.
74 Bovine lactoferrin is effective to suppress Helicobacter pylori colonization in the human stomach: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
75 Bovine lactoferrin inhibits adenovirus infection by interacting with viral structural polypeptides.
76 Bovine lactoferrin region responsible for binding to bifidobacterial cell surface proteins.
77 Lactoferrampin: a novel antimicrobial peptide in the N1-domain of bovine lactoferrin.
78 Distinct bactericidal activities of bovine lactoferrin peptides LFampin 268-284 and LFampin 265-284: Asp-Leu-Ile makes a difference.
79 Evidence for a direct antitumor mechanism of action of bovine lactoferricin.
80 Potential usefulness of bovine lactoferrrin for adjunctive immunotherapy for mucosal Candida infections.
81 Characterization of antiviral activity of lactoferrin against hepatitis C virus infection in human cultured cells.
82 Growth-promoting effects of lactoferrin on L. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp.
83 Enteric-formulated lactoferrin was more effectively transported into blood circulation from gastrointestinal tract in adult rats.
84 Bovine colostrum in oral treatment of enterogenic endotoxaemia in rats.
85 Lactoferrin reduces colitis in rats via modulation of the immune system and correction of cytokine imbalance.
86 Oral administration of lactoferrin reduces colitis in rats via modulation of the immune system and correction of cytokine imbalance.
87 Oral administration of lactoferrin increases hemoglobin and total serum iron in pregnant women.
88 Impact of lactoferrin supplementation on growth and prevalence of Giardia colonization in children.
89 Both lactoferrin and iron influence aggregation and biofilm formation in Streptococcus mutans.
90 Helicobacter pylori eradication: a randomized prospective study of triple therapy versus triple therapy plus lactoferrin and probiotics.
91 Nutritional roles of lactoferrin.
92 Anti-inflammatory effects of orally ingested lactoferrin and glycine in different zymosan-induced inflammation models: evidence for synergistic activity.
93 Lactoferrin is a potent regulator of bone cell activity and increases bone formation in vivo.
94 Oral administration of lactoferrin increases NK cell activity in mice via increased production of IL-18 and type I IFN in the small intestine.

2009;39(12):1033-54. doi: 10.2165/11317860-000000000-00000.

Bovine colostrum supplementation and exercise performance: potential mechanisms.
Shing CM, Hunter DC, Stevenson LM. School of Human Life Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia. Cecilia.Shing@utas.edu.au

Bovine colostrum (BC) is rich in immune, growth and antimicrobial factors, which promote tissue growth and the development of the digestive tract and immune function in neonatal calves. Although the value of BC to human adults is not well understood, supplementation with BC is becoming increasingly popular in trained athletes to promote exercise performance. The combined presence of insulin-like growth factors (IGF), transforming growth factors, immunoglobulins, cytokines, lactoferrin and lysozyme, in addition to hormones such as growth hormone, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and glucocorticoids, would suggest that BC might improve immune function, gastrointestinal integrity and the neuroendocrine system, parameters that may be compromised as a result of intensive training. A review of studies investigating the influence of BC supplementation on exercise performance suggests that BC supplementation is most effective during periods of high-intensity training and recovery from high-intensity training, possibly as a result of increased plasma IGF-1, improved intramuscular buffering capacity, increases in lean body mass and increases in salivary IgA. However, there are contradicting data for most parameters that have been considered to date, suggesting that small improvements across a range of parameters might contribute to improved performance and recovery, although this cannot be concluded with certainty because the various doses and length of supplementation with BC in different studies prevent direct comparison of results. Future research on the influence of BC on sports performance will only be of value if the dose and length of supplementation of a well-defined BC product is standardized across studies, and the bioavailability of the active constituents in BC is determined. PMID: 19902984 [PubMed - in process]

Nutrition 2001 Mar;17(3):243-7.

The effects of bovine colostrum supplementation on body composition and exercise performance in active men and women.
Antonio J, Sanders MS, Van Gammeren D. University of Delaware, Sports Science Laboratory, Newark, Delaware 19176, USA. exphys@aol.com

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 8 wk of bovine colostrum supplementation on body composition and exercise performance in active men and women. Subjects were randomly assigned to a placebo (whey protein) and colostrum group (20 g/d in powder form). Each subject participated in aerobic and heavy-resistance training at least three times per wk. Body composition was assessed via dual x-ray absorptiometry analysis. Treadmill time to exhaustion, one repetition maximum strength (bench press), and the total number of repetitions performed during one set to exhaustion at a submaximal load for the bench press (50% and 100% of body weight for women and men, respectively) were ascertained. The whey protein group experienced a significant increase (P < 0.05) in body weight (mean increase of 2.11 kg), whereas the colostrum group experienced a significant (P < 0.05) increase in bone-free lean body mass (mean increase of 1.49 kg). There were no changes in any of the other parameters measured. Thus, supplementation with bovine colostrum (20 g/d) in combination with exercise training for 8 wk may increase bone-free lean body mass in active men and women. PMID: 11312068 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2003 Jul;21(7):577-88.

Effect of bovine colostrum on anaerobic exercise performance and plasma insulin-like growth factor I.
Buckley JD, Brinkworth GD, Abbott MJ. School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Holbrooks Road, Underdale, SA 5032, Australia. j.buckley@unisa.edu.au

In this study, we examined the effects of bovine colostrum on peak vertical jump power (VJpeak), peak cycle power (CPpeak), alactic anaerobic work capacity, resistance exercise one-repetition maxima (1-RM) and plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design, 51 males completed 8 weeks of resistance and plyometric training while consuming 60 g x day(-1) of bovine colostrum (n = 26) or concentrated whey protein powder (n = 25). Peak vertical jump power, peak cycle power, alactic anaerobic work capacity, 1-RM and plasma IGF-I were not different between groups at baseline (P > 0.33). Peak vertical jump power and peak cycle power were still not significantly different between groups by week 4 (VJpeak: bovine colostrum, 7231 +/- 488 W; whey protein, 7214 +/- 530 W; P = 0.99; CPpeak: bovine colostrum, 1272 +/- 202 W; whey protein, 1232 +/- 208 W; P = 0.99). By week 8, however, peak vertical jump power (bovine colostrum, 7370 +/- 503 W; whey powder, 7237 +/- 481 W; 95% confidence intervals, 54 to 170 W; P < 0.01) and peak cycle power (bovine colostrum, 1400 +/- 215 W; whey protein, 1311 +/- 192 W; 95% confidence intervals, 20 to 61 W; P < 0.01) were significantly higher in the bovine colostrum condition. Alactic anaerobic work capacity and 1-RM increased (P < 0.001), but the increases were not different between groups (P > 0.08). Plasma IGF-I did not change in either group (P = 0.55). We conclude that bovine colostrum supplementation during training significantly increased peak anaerobic power, but had no effect on alactic anaerobic work capacity, 1-RM or plasma IGF-I. PMID: 12848392 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2005 Jul;72(7):579-81.

Health factors in colostrum.
Thapa BR. Division of Pediatric Gastroentrology, Department of Gastroenterology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India. brthapa1@yahoo.co.in

Colostrum is a breast milk produced after the birth of the newborn and lasts for 2-4 days. Colostrum is very important part of breast milk and lays down the immune system and confers growth factors and other protective factors for the young ones in mammals. This is the source of passive immunity achieved by the mother and is transferred to the baby. This is the major source of secretory IgA and gives protection against gastrointestinal infections. In view of so many health factors through colostrum, the use of colostrum has been extended to so many health problems of mankind. Human and bovine colostrums have many similarities barring that bovine colostrum can be obtained in large quantity, so bovine colostrum has been used in various disorders in human beings. This is the nature's gift that is for the young ones to grow as well as for the treatment of many health problems in older age group. PMID: 16077241 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2007 Apr;13(2):130-6.

Prevention of influenza episodes with colostrum compared with vaccination in healthy and high-risk cardiovascular subjects: the epidemiologic study in San Valentino.
Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Di Renzo A, Dugall M, Cacchio M, Ruffini I, Pellegrini L, Del Boccio G, Fano F, Ledda A, Bottari A, Ricci A, Stuard S, Vinciguerra G. San Valentino-Spoltore Vascular Screening Project, Department of Biomedical Sciences, G D'annunzio University, Chieti, Pescara, Italy.

The efficacy of a 2-month treatment with oral colostrum in the prevention of flu episodes compared with antiinfluenza vaccination was evaluated. Groups included healthy subjects without prophylaxis and those receiving both vaccination and colostrum. After 3 months of follow-up, the number of days with flu was 3 times higher in the non-colostrum subjects. The colostrum group had 13 episodes versus 14 in the colostrum + vaccination group, 41 in the group without prophylaxis, and 57 in nontreated subjects. Part 2 of the study had a similar protocol with 65 very high-risk cardiovascular subjects, all of whom had prophylaxis. The incidence of complications and hospital admission was higher in the group that received only a vaccination compared with the colostrum groups. Colostrum, both in healthy subjects and high-risk cardiovascular patients, is at least 3 times more effective than vaccination to prevent flu and is very cost-effective. PMID: 17456621 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

1993 Jan;71(1):42-5.

A preparation from bovine colostrum in the treatment of HIV-positive patients with chronic diarrhea.
Plettenberg A, Stoehr A, Stellbrink HJ, Albrecht H, Meigel W. Allgemeines Krankenhaus St. Georg, HIV-Ambulanz, Hamburg.

In a prospective, open, uncontrolled study 25 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus with chronic refractory diarrhea and either confirmed cryptosporidiosis (n = 7) or absence of demonstrable pathogenic organisms (n = 18) were treated with a daily oral dose of 10 g of an immunoglobulin preparation from bovine colostrum over a period of 10 days. Among the 7 patients with cryptosporidiosis, this treatment led to complete remission in 3 and partial remission in 2. Among the 18 patients with diarrhea and negative stool culture, complete remission of diarrhea was obtained in 7 and partial remission in 4. In the remaining 2 patients with cryptosporidiosis and the 7 patients with diarrhea but no demonstrable pathogens treatment produced no significant improvement of the diarrhea. Subsequent doubling of the Lactobin dose (2 x 10 g daily) in 8 of the nonresponders led to complete remission in one case and at least partial remission in a further 4 patients. Treatment of refractory diarrhea with 10 g immunoglobulins from bovine colostrum per day constitutes an important therapeutic approach and led to complete (40%) or partial (24%) remission of diarrhea in 64% of the patients described here. PMID: 8453259 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2003 Aug;42(4):228-32.

Concentrated bovine colostrum protein supplementation reduces the incidence of self-reported symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection in adult males.
Brinkworth GD, Buckley JD. Centre for Research in Education and Sports Science Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Holbrooks Road, Underdale, South Australia 5032, Australia.

BACKGROUND: Anecdotal reports suggest that bovine colostrum may prevent upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). There is scant evidence to support such claims, although salivary IgA protects against URTI, and it was recently shown that bovine colostrum increases salivary IgA. AIM OF THE STUDY: The present invesigation examined whether concentrated bovine colostrum protein (CBC) affected the incidence or duration of self-reported symptoms of URTI in adult males. METHODS: We examined logbooks containing self-reported symptoms of illness from previous studies which examined physiological effects of CBC. In these double-blind, placebo controlled studies, subjects had been randomly allocated to consume 60g. day(-1) of CBC (n = 93) or whey protein (WP) (n = 81) for eight weeks. Symptoms were coded using established criteria to identify those related to URTI. Since the incubation period for an URTI is up to five days, symptoms reported during the first week of supplementation (PRE-EXP) were analysed separately to preclude those arising from infection prior to study commencement. RESULTS: During PRE-EXP, there was no difference in the proportion of subjects taking the different supplements who reported symptoms of URTI (CBC, 11%,WP, 5%; 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) -14% to 2%; P = 0.16). During the subsequent seven weeks (i. e. the experimental period), a significantly lesser proportion of subjects taking CBC reported symptoms of URTI compared with those taking WP (CBC, 32%,WP, 48%, P = 0.03; 95 % CI -30 % to -2 %), but symptom duration did not differ (CBC, 6.8 +/- 4.2 days,WP, 6.0 +/- 4.4 days; P = 0.27). CONCLUSION: This study provides preliminary evidence that CBC may enhance resistance to the development of symptoms of URTI.

2002 Aug;93(2):732-9.

IGF-I, IgA, and IgG responses to bovine colostrum supplementation during training.
Mero A, Kähkönen J, Nykänen T, Parviainen T, Jokinen I, Takala T, Nikula T, Rasi S, Leppäluoto J. Department of Biology of Physical Activity, 40351 Jyväskylä, Finland. mero@maila.jyu.fi

This study examined the effect of bovine colostrum (Dynamic colostrum) supplementation on blood and saliva variables (study 1) and the absorption of orally administered human recombinant insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I (rhIGF-I) labeled with 123I (123I-rhIGF-I) (study 2). In study 1, adult male and female athletes were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to either an experimental (Dynamic; n = 19) or a control (Placebo; n = 11) group. The former consumed daily 20 g of Dynamic supplement, and the latter 20 g of maltodextrin during a 2-wk training period. After bovine colostrum supplementation, significant increases were noticed in serum IGF-I (P < 0.01) and saliva IgA (P < 0.01) in Dynamic compared with Placebo. In study 2, gel electrophoresis was carried out in 12 adult subjects with serum samples taken 60 min after ingestion of 123I-rhIGF-I and showed peaks at 0.6 and at 40-90 kDa, with the former inducing 96% and the latter 4% of the total radioactivity. It was concluded that a long-term supplementation of bovine colostrum (Dynamic) increases serum IGF-I and saliva IgA concentration in athletes during training. Absorption data show that ingested 123I-rhIGF-I is fragmented in circulation and that no radioactive IGF-I is eluted at the positions of free, or the IGF, binding proteins, giving no support to the absorption of IGF-I from bovine colostrum. PMID: 12133885 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2000 Jul;72(1):5-14.

Colostrum and milk-derived peptide growth factors for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.
Playford RJ, Macdonald CE, Johnson WS. Department of Gastroenterology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK. r.playford@ic.ac.uk

Colostrum is the specific first diet of mammalian neonates and is rich in immunoglobulins, antimicrobial peptides, and growth factors. In this article we review some of these constituents of human and bovine colostrum in comparison with those of mature milk. Recent studies suggest that colostral fractions, or individual peptides present in colostrum, might be useful for the treatment of a wide variety of gastrointestinal conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug-induced gut injury, and chemotherapy-induced mucositis. We therefore discuss the therapeutic possibilities of using whole colostrum, or individual peptides present in colostrum, for the treatment of various gastrointestinal diseases and the relative merits of the 2 approaches. PMID: 10871554 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2000 Oct 31;76(3-4):183-90.

Detection of cytokines in bovine colostrum.
Hagiwara K, Kataoka S, Yamanaka H, Kirisawa R, Iwai H. Department of Veterinary Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan. k-hagi@rakuno.ac.jp

Colostrum contains factors that are protective for the neonate and may be a source of immunomodulary molecules that positively influence the immune status of the neonate. To confirm that colostrum contains a variety of cytokines with immunomodulatory properties, we established a bovine cytokine specific ELISA and five cytokines (IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, INF-gamma or IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-1ra) in the whey samples from cows at different stages of lactation were monitored. The expression of cytokine mRNAs (IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha and INF-gamma) in the colostral cells was detected by RT-PCR. The concentrations of cytokines in colostrum were significantly higher concentrations than those in the mature milk. A positive correlation was observed between the concentrations of IL-1ra and IL-1 beta in the colostrum samples. In conclusion, colostrum contains high levels of cytokines that could be produced and secreted in the mammary gland and that may have an immunomodulatory activity and influence neonatal immunity. PMID: 11044552 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

1999 May;44(5):653-8.

Bovine colostrum is a health food supplement which prevents NSAID induced gut damage.
Playford RJ, Floyd DN, Macdonald CE, Calnan DP, Adenekan RO, Johnson W, Goodlad RA, Marchbank T. University Division of Gastroenterology, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK.

BACKGROUND: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are effective for arthritis but cause gastrointestinal injury. Bovine colostrum is a rich source of growth factors and is marketed as a health food supplement. AIMS: To examine whether spray dried, defatted colostrum or milk preparations could reduce gastrointestinal injury caused by indomethacin. METHODS: Effects of test solutions, administered orally, were examined using an indomethacin restraint rat model of gastric damage and an indomethacin mouse model of small intestinal injury. Effects on migration of the human colonic carcinoma cell line HT-29 and rat small intestinal cell line RIE-1 were assessed using a wounded monolayer assay system (used as an in vitro model of wound repair) and effects on proliferation determined using [3H]thymidine incorporation. RESULTS: Pretreatment with 0.5 or 1 ml colostral preparation reduced gastric injury by 30% and 60% respectively in rats. A milk preparation was much less efficacious. Recombinant transforming growth factor beta added at a dose similar to that found in the colostrum preparation (12.5 ng/rat), reduced injury by about 60%. Addition of colostrum to drinking water (10% vol/vol) prevented villus shortening in the mouse model of small intestinal injury. Addition of milk preparation was ineffective. Colostrum increased proliferation and cell migration of RIE-1 and HT-29 cells. These effects were mainly due to constituents of the colostrum with molecular weights greater than 30 kDa. CONCLUSIONS: Bovine colostrum could provide a novel, inexpensive approach for the prevention and treatment of the injurious effects of NSAIDs on the gut and may also be of value for the treatment of other ulcerative conditions of the bowel. PMID: 10205201 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2005 May;28(3):327-35. Epub 2005 Mar 25.

Protein metabolism and strength performance after bovine colostrum supplementation.
Mero A, Nykänen T, Keinänen O, Knuutinen J, Lahti K, Alen M, Rasi S, Leppäluoto J. Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland. antti.mero@sport.jyu.fi

This study was designed to determine the responses of muscle protein, serum amino acids, and strength performance to bovine colostrum supplementation in physically active men. The rest (R) group (n = 6) and the exercise (E) group (n = 6) carried out twice a 2-week experiment randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion with either placebo (PLA; consuming daily 20 g maltodextrin) or bovine colostrum (COL; consuming daily 20 g colostrum supplement) treatment with one month between. On the test day after the treatment period the measurements were carried out in fasting conditions and E carried out a strength training session (STS). The methods involved the infusion of ring-(2)H(5)-phenylalanine, femoral arterial and venous blood sampling, and biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle. Serum concentration of essential amino acids during recovery was greater (p < 0.05) in the COL groups compared with the PLA groups. Both muscle protein synthesis and breakdown increased (p < 0.05) with COL. There were no differences in phenylalanine net balance or strength performance between the PLA and COL groups. It was concluded that a 2-week supplementation with bovine colostrum in physically active men increases serum concentration of essential amino acids but has no effect either on strength performance or protein net balance in fasting conditions during recovery after STS. PMID: 15789141 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2009 Apr;87(13 Suppl):3-9. Epub 2008 Oct 24.

Immune components of bovine colostrum and milk.
Stelwagen K, Carpenter E, Haigh B, Hodgkinson A, Wheeler TT. Dairy Science & Technology, AgResearch Ltd., Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, 3240 New Zealand. kerst.stelwagen@agresearch.co.nz

Colostrum and milk provide a complete diet for the neonate. In ruminants, colostrum is also the sole source of initial acquired immunity for the offspring. Milk therefore plays an important role in mammalian host defense. In colostrum, the concentration of immunoglobulins is particularly high, with IgG being the major immunoglobulin class present in ruminant milk, in contrast to IgA being the major immunoglobulin present in human milk. Immunoglobulins are transported into mammary secretions via specialized receptors. In addition to immunoglobulins, both colostrum and milk contain viable cells, including neutrophils and macrophages, which secrete a range of immune-related components into milk. These include cytokines and antimicrobial proteins and peptides, such as lactoferrin, defensins, and cathelicidins. Mammary epithelial cells themselves also contribute to the host defense by secreting a range of innate immune effector molecules. A detailed understanding of these proteins and peptides offers great potential to add value to the dairy industry. This is demonstrated by the wide-ranging commercial applications of lactoferrin derived from bovine milk. Knowledge of the immune function of milk, in particular, how the gland responds to pathogens, can be used to boost the concentrations of immune factors in milk through farm management practices and vaccination protocols. The latter approach is currently being used to maximize yields of bovine milk-derived IgA directed at specific antigens for therapeutic and prophylactic use. Increasingly sophisticated proteomics technologies are being applied to identify and characterize the functions of the minor components of milk. An overview is presented of the immune factors in colostrum and milk as well as the results of research aimed at realizing this untapped value in milk. PMID: 18952725 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2002 Jul-Aug;18(7-8):566-7.

Effects of oral bovine colostrum supplementation on serum insulin-like growth factor-I levels.
Kuipers H, van Breda E, Verlaan G, Smeets R. Department of Movement Sciences, PO Box 616, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands. harm.kuipers@bw.unimaas.nl

OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether supplementation with 60 g/d of bovine colostrum affects blood levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF binding protein-3 in relation to doping testing. Nine endurance-trained men ingested 60 g/d of bovine colostrum for 4 wk. METHODS: Blood and urine were sampled before starting supplementation. After 4 wk urine and blood samples were taken after an overnight fast and 2 h after ingestion of the last portion to study possible acute effects. RESULTS: Blood IGF-I levels before supplementation were (mean +/- standard deviation) 31 +/- 13 nM/L, and no acute effects were observed after 4 wk of supplementation (33 +/- 9 nM/L). Levels of IGF-binding protein-3 were 136 +/- 11 nM/L before supplementation and 135 +/- 16 nM/L after 4 wk of supplementation. Two hours after ingestion of the last portion, the level of IGF binding protein-3 was 131 +/- 19 nM/L, which was not different from baseline values. Drug testing in a laboratory accredited by the International Olympic Committee did not show any forbidden substance before or after 4 wk of supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: Daily supplementation with 60 g of bovine colostrum for 4 wk does not change blood IGF-I or IGF binding protein-3 levels and does not elicit positive results on drug tests. PMID: 12093430 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2008 Jan;72(1):1-6. Epub 2008 Jan 7.

Effect of a Growth Protein-Colostrum Fraction on bone development in juvenile rats.
Lee J, Kwon SH, Kim HM, Fahey SN, Knighton DR, Sansom A. RexGene Biotech Co., Ltd., Korea.

Colostrum is a complex mixture of bioactives that promotes neonate growth. Studies show that it contains components capable of promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption. Although many colostrum-based nutritional supplements have been developed as growth promotants, few studies have investigated their functional effects. A bovine colostrum 1-30 kDa fraction, Growth Protein-Colostrum (GP-C), was administered to juvenile rats as a dietary supplement to determine effects on growth and development. GP-C enhanced the growth and mineralization of the femur as evidenced by increased serum osteocalcin and bone mineral density. Increased levels of serum growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 suggest that the mechanism of enhanced growth is partially controlled by endocrine factors. GP-C was also found to increase osteoblast proliferation in vitro, a finding that indicates a possible mechanism of action of GP-C, but further studies are required. Based on our findings, we hypothesize that a colostrum-based dietary supplement enhances bone growth and development in humans.PMID: 18175920 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2002 Nov;16(11):1917-22.

Use of the 'nutriceutical', bovine colostrum, for the treatment of distal colitis: results from an initial study.
Khan Z, Macdonald C, Wicks AC, Holt MP, Floyd D, Ghosh S, Wright NA, Playford RJ. Department of Gastroenterology. Leicester General Hospital. Liecester, UK.

BACKGROUND: Bovine colostrum is a rich source of nutrients, antibodies and growth factors. AIM: To examine the efficacy of colostrum enemas in the treatment of distal colitis using a randomized, double-blind, controlled protocol. METHODS: Fourteen patients (eight female), with a mean age of 45 years (range, 16-75 years) and mild to moderately severe distal colitis (Powell-Tuck scoring system), received colostrum enema (100 mL of 10% solution) or placebo (albumin solution) b.d. for 4 weeks. Both groups also received mesalazine (1.6 g/day) or, if already taking it, had a dose increment of 1.6 g/day. Disease activity was documented at 0, 2 and 4 weeks. RESULTS: After 4 weeks, the colostrum group showed a mean reduction in symptom score of - 2.9 (95% confidence interval (CI), - 5.4 to - 0.3), whereas the placebo group showed a mean response of + 0.5 (95% CI, - 2.4 to +3.4). The histological score improved in five of the eight patients in the colostrum group (mean response, - 0.9; 95% CI, - 1.69 to - 0.03), whereas the histological scores only improved in two of the six patients in the placebo group (mean response, 0.2; 95% CI, - 2.4 to +2.6). CONCLUSIONS: Bovine colostrum enema shows potential as a novel therapy for left-sided colitis with additional benefits over using mesalazine alone. Further studies appear to be warranted. PMID: 12390100 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

1999 Oct;29(4):452-6.

Bovine colostrum ameliorates diarrhea in infection with diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, shiga toxin-producing E. Coli, and E. coli expressing intimin and hemolysin.
Huppertz HI, Rutkowski S, Busch DH, Eisebit R, Lissner R, Karch H. Children's Hospital, The University of Würzburg, Germany.

BACKGROUND: Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli may cause serious extraintestinal complications, but there is no specific treatment. METHODS: Patients with diarrhea caused by diarrheagenic E. coli, specifically Shiga toxin-producing E. coli and E. coli-expressing intimin and enterohemorrhagic E. coli-hemolysin were treated by administration of pooled bovine colostrum, rich in antibodies to Shiga toxin and enterohemorrhagic E. coli-hemolysin, in a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Symptom resolution and fecal excretion of infecting strains were assessed. RESULTS: No side effects were attributable to colostrum. Stool frequencies in the group treated with bovine colostrum were significantly reduced compared with those in the placebo group. No effect of therapy on the carriage of the pathogens or on complications of the infection could be demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: Bovine colostrum is well tolerated and diminishes frequency of loose stools in children with E. coli-associated diarrhea. A prospective study should be conducted among a larger number of children with Shiga toxin-producing E. coli identified early in illness, to determine the effectiveness of colostrum therapy. PMID: 10512407 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

1995 Jun;78(6):655-62.

Bactericidal effect of bovine normal and immune serum, colostrum and milk against Helicobacter pylori.
Korhonen H, Syväoja EL, Ahola-Luttila H, Sivelä S, Kopola S, Husu J, Kosunen TU. Valio Research & Development Centre, Helsinki, Finland.

Serum and colostrum but not post-colostral milk from non-immunized Friesian cows was found highly bactericidal for Helicobacter pylori NCTC 11637. This bactericidal activity was destroyed by heating at 56 degrees C for 30 min and restored by the addition of fetal calf serum as a source of complement, indicating that the bacterial effect was probably dependent on an antibody-complement system. Systemic, serial immunization of non-lactating, pregnant cows with H. pylori resulted in high specific antibody titres in serum and colostrum. No titres were found in post-colostral milk, even after booster-immunization during lactation. Immunization did not enhance the bactericidal activity of serum and colostrum, but increased it in post-colostral milk. The bactericidal activity was not correlated with titres of specific antibody or with IgG concentrations. PMID: 7615421 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2005;59:309-23.

Therapeutic properties of proteins and peptides from colostrum and milk
[Article in Polish] Zimecki M, Artym J. Zakład Terapii Doświadczalnej Instytutu Immunologii i Terapii Doświadczalnej PAN im. Ludwika Hirszfelda we Wrocławiu. zimecki@iitd.pan.wroc.pl

Colostrum and milk are rich in proteins and peptides which play a crucial role in innate immunity when transferred to the offspring and may accelerate maturation of the immune system in neonates. The immunotropic properties of these proteins prompted investigators research their potential application in prevention and therapy. Lactoferrin (LF) exhibits antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitice, and antitumoral activities. It is protective with regard to intestinal epithelium, promotes bone growth, and accelerates the recovery of immune system function in immunocompromised animals. LF was tried in the treatment of hepatitis C infection and the intestinal form of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). A proline-rich polypeptide (PRP) demonstrated a variety of immunotropic functions, including the promotion of T-cell maturation and inhibition of autoimmune disorders. PRP, in the form of chewable tablets (Colostrinin) was recently found to improve or stabilize the health status of Alzheimer's disease patients. Casein and casein-derived peptides showed protective activities in enamel demineralization and as caries-preventing agents. The protein hydrolyzates were also protective in diabetic animals, reduced tumor growth, had antihypertensive activity and diminished colicky symptoms in infants. Glycomacropeptide (GMP), a peptide derived from kappa-casein, exhibited various antibacterial and antithrombotic activities. Alpha-lactalbumin (LA) demonstrated antiviral, antitumoral and anti-stress properties. LA-enriched diets were anxiolytic, lowered blood pressure in rats, prevented diarrhea, and led to a better weight gain in malnourished children. HAMLET, a complex of LA and oleic acid, was effective in patients with cutaneous papillomas. Lysozyme found application in infant formulas, the treatment of periodentitis, and the prevention of tooth decay. Milk enriched in lysozyme was used in feeding premature infants suffering from concomitant diseases. Interesting, antibacterial properties were exhibited by lactoperoxidase. Both lysozyme and lactoperoxidase required cooperative action with LF in combating bacteria. In conclusion, preparations derived from milk and colostrum are effective, easily bioaccessible, and safe, finding wide application in prevention and therapy for newborns and adults. PMID: 15995598 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2002 Jun;5(2):65-79.

Bovine colostrum supplementation during endurance running training improves recovery, but not performance.
Buckley JD, Abbott MJ, Brinkworth GD, Whyte PB. Centre for Research in Education and Sports Science, School of Physical Education Exercise and Sport Studies, University of South Australia, Adelaide.

This study examined the effect of supplementation with concentrated bovine colostrum protein powder (intact) on plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations, endurance running performance and recovery. Thirty physically active males completed 8 weeks of running training whilst consuming 60 g x day(-1) of intact powder (n=17) or a concentrated whey protein powder placebo (n=13) in a randomised, double-blind, parallel design. Plasma IGF-I concentrations were measured prior to subjects performing two (approximately 30 min) incremental treadmill running tests to exhaustion (RUN1 and RUN2) separated by 20 min of passive recovery at Weeks 0. 4 and 8. Plasma IGF-I concentrations showed little change in either group (p=0.83). Effective peak running speed (PRSE; i.e. equivalent of peak power) during RUN1 was not different between groups at Week 0 (p>0.99), and had increased by a similar amount in both groups by Week 4 (mean+/-SD, intact 2.2+/-4.0%, placebo 3.2+/-3.3%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI 15.7 to -13.7%; p=0.89) and Week 8 (intact 3.6+/-5.6%, placebo 3.4+/-4.4 %; 95% CI -100.0 to 100.0%; p>0.99). PRSE was less in both groups during RUN2 (p<0.05), but was not significantly different between groups at Week 0 (p>0.99). PRSE during RUN2 tended to have increased more in the placebo group by Week 4 (intact 1.8+/-4.8%, placebo 4.2+/-3.9%; 95% CI 0.2 to -5 0%; p=0.07), but the intact group had increased PRSE significantly more by Week 8 (intact 4.6+/-6.1%, placebo 2.0+/-4.5%; 95% Cl 0.0 to 5.2%; p=0.05). resulting in a significantly faster PRSE (p=0.003). We conclude that supplementation with intact powder did not increase plasma IGF-I concentrations or improve performance during an initial bout of incremental running to exhaustion in our sample. However, performance during a second bout of exercise may be improved by as much as 5.2% in the average subject after 8 weeks of supplementation, possibly due to an enhancement of recovery. PMID: 12188088 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2009 Apr;20(4):298-303. Epub 2008 Jul 7.

Health-promoting effects of bovine colostrum in Type 2 diabetic patients can reduce blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and ketones.
Kim JH, Jung WS, Choi NJ, Kim DO, Shin DH, Kim YJ. Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Jochiwon, Chungnam 339-700, South Korea.

Bovine colostrum (BC) has been reported to enhance immune function, reduce fat accumulation and facilitate the movement of glucose to the muscle. However, very few attempts have been made to examine its anti-diabetic effects in diabetes patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether BC decreases blood glucose, as well as cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) and ketones levels, which can be elevated by obesity and stress in Type 2 diabetic patients. Sixteen patients (men=8, women=8) with Type 2 diabetes were randomized into the study. Each ingested 5 g of BC on an empty stomach every morning and night for 4 weeks. Blood glucose, ketones (beta-hydroxybutyric acid), total cholesterol and TGs were measured every week. In both the men and women, blood glucose levels at 2 and 8 h postprandial decreased continually during the experimental period. The rate of decrease in blood glucose at 8 h postprandial was not different between the men and women, but was higher in the women (14.25+/-2.66) than in the men (10.96+/-1.82%) at 2 h postprandial. Total cholesterol and TG levels decreased significantly in both the men and women after 4 weeks. Also, beta-hydroxybutyric acid level decreased with BC ingestion, but this was not significant. These results suggest that BC can decrease levels of blood glucose and ketones, as well as reduce cholesterol and TGs, all of which may cause complications in Type 2 diabetic patients. PMID: 18602824 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2002 Jul;34(7):1184-8.

Dose effects of oral bovine colostrum on physical work capacity in cyclists.
Coombes JS, Conacher M, Austen SK, Marshall PA. School of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia. jcombes@hms.uq.edu.au

PURPOSE: There is interest in the potential long-term use of dietary supplementation with bovine colostrum to enhance exercise performance. The purpose of the present study was to determine the dose effects of bovine colostrum on cycling performance. METHODS: Forty-two competitive cyclists were randomly divided into three groups and required to consume either 20 g/d bovine colostrum + 40 g whey protein concentrate (wpc), 60 g of bovine colostrum, or 60 g of wpc (placebo). Two measures were used to assess performance before (pre-) and after (post-) an 8-wk supplementation period. The first measure required subjects to complete two VO2max tests separated by 20 min with the amount of work completed in the second test used to evaluate performance. The second performance measure was the time to complete a work-based time trial following a 2-h cycle at 65% VO2max. Subjects were required to maintain their regular training and keep a food and training diary over the study period. RESULTS: After supplementation, the performance enhancement in Measure One was not statistically significantly different in the colostrum groups compared to the placebo group (placebo = 3.4%, 20 g = 4.0%, 60 g = 3.9%; 95% confidence interval (CI) for differences, +/-1.8%, P > 0.05). In performance Measure Two subjects in the 20 g and 60 g groups completed the time trial significantly (P < 0.05) faster post supplement compared to pre supplement (improvements in performance times, placebo = 37 s, 20 g = 158 s, 60 g = 134 s; 95% CI for differences, 47 s). CONCLUSION: Oral bovine colostrum supplementation at 20 g or 60 g/d provided a small but significant improvement in time trial performance in cyclists after a 2-h ride at 65% VO2max. PMID: 12131260 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2002 Dec;12(4):461-9.

The effect of bovine colostrum supplementation on exercise performance in elite field hockey players.
Hofman Z, Smeets R, Verlaan G, Lugt R, Verstappen PA. Numico Research, Bosrandweg 20, 6704 PH Wageningen, The Netherlands.

In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, we investigated the effect of 8 weeks of supplementation with bovine colostrum (Intact) on body composition and exercise performance (5 x 10-m sprint, vertical jump, shuttle-run test, and suicide test). Seventeen female and 18 male elite field hockey players, including players from the Dutch national team, received either 60 g of colostrum or whey protein daily. The 5 x 10-m sprint test performance improved significantly (p =.023) more in the colostrum group [0.64 +/- 0.09 s (mean +/- SEM)] compared to the whey group (0.33 +/- 0.09 s). The vertical jump performance improved more in the colostrum group (2.1 +/- 0.73 cm) compared to the whey group (0.32 +/- 0.82 cm). However, this was not statistically significant (p =.119). There were also no significant differences in changes in body composition and endurance tests between the 2 groups. It is concluded that in elite field hockey players, colostrum supplementation improves sprint performance better than whey. However, there were no differences with regard to body composition or endurance performance. PMID: 12500989 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2001 Aug;31(2):93-6.

Modulation of human humoral immune response through orally administered bovine colostrum.
He F, Tuomola E, Arvilommi H, Salminen S. Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Finland.

Eighteen healthy volunteers were randomized into two treatment groups and consumed liquid prepackaged bovine colostrum whey and placebo for 7 days. On days 1, 3 and 5, an attenuated Salmonella typhi Ty21a oral vaccine was given to all subjects to mimic an enteropathogenic infection. The circulating antibody secreting cells and the expression of phagocytosis receptors of the subjects before and after oral immunization were measured with the ELISPOT assay and flow cytometry. All subjects responded well to the vaccine. No significant differences were observed in ELISPOT values for IgA, IgG, IgM, Fcgamma and CR receptor expression on neutrophils and monocytes between the two groups. There was a trend towards greater increase in specific IgA among the subjects receiving their vaccine with bovine colostrum. These results suggest that bovine colostrum may possess some potential to enhance human special immune responses. PMID: 11549415 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2001 Jun;100(6):627-33.

Co-administration of the health food supplement, bovine colostrum, reduces the acute non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced increase in intestinal permeability.
Playford RJ, MacDonald CE, Calnan DP, Floyd DN, Podas T, Johnson W, Wicks AC, Bashir O, Marchbank T. Department of Gastroenterology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W120NN, UK. r.playford@ic.ac.uk

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are effective analgesics but cause gastrointestinal injury. Present prophylactic measures are suboptimal and novel therapies are required. Bovine colostrum is a cheap, readily available source of growth factors, which reduces gastrointestinal injury in rats and mice. We therefore examined whether spray-dried, defatted colostrum could reduce the rise in gut permeability (a non-invasive marker of intestinal injury) caused by NSAIDs in volunteers and patients taking NSAIDs for clinical reasons. Healthy male volunteers (n=7) participated in a randomized crossover trial comparing changes in gut permeability (lactulose/rhamnose ratios) before and after 5 days of 50 mg of indomethacin three times daily (tds) per oral with colostrum (125 ml, tds) or whey protein (control) co-administration. A second study examined the effect of colostral and control solutions (125 ml, tds for 7 days) on gut permeability in patients (n=15) taking a substantial, regular dose of an NSAID for clinical reasons. For both studies, there was a 2 week washout period between treatment arms. In volunteers, indomethacin caused a 3-fold increase in gut permeability in the control arm (lactulose/rhamnose ratio 0.36+/-0.07 prior to indomethacin and 1.17+/-0.25 on day 5, P<0.01), whereas no significant increase in permeability was seen when colostrum was co-administered. In patients taking long-term NSAID treatment, initial permeability ratios were low (0.13+/-0.02), despite continuing on the drug, and permeability was not influenced by co-administration of test solutions. These studies provide preliminary evidence that bovine colostrum, which is already currently available as an over-the-counter preparation, may provide a novel approach to the prevention of NSAID-induced gastrointestinal damage in humans. PMID: 11352778 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2009 Apr;38(3):303-8.

Defatted bovine colostrum-supplemented diet around weaning improves exocrine pancreatic secretion by means of volume, digestive enzymes, and antibacterial activity.
Huguet A, Savary G, Bobillier E, Le Huërou-Luron I. INRA/Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1079, Rennes, France.

OBJECTIVES: Exocrine pancreatic secretion contributes to limit pathogenic bacteria-associated diarrhea. Bovine colostrum, used in the treatment of diarrhea, reduces symptoms originating from gut pathogenic bacteria overgrowth. We hypothesized that bovine colostrum may stimulate the exocrine pancreatic secretion. METHODS: Eighteen piglets fitted with 2 permanent catheters (for pancreatic juice collection and reintroduction) were allocated to 1 of the following 2 dietary treatments for 5 days: a control diet or a diet supplemented with defatted bovine colostrum. Pancreatic juice was collected daily, and digestive enzyme activities and antibacterial activity were determined. RESULTS: The prandial pancreatic juice outflow, the basal and prandial lipase output, and the basal secretion of the antibacterial activity were, respectively, 60% (P = 0.08), 154% (P = 0.08), 92% (P = 0.06), and 72% (P < 0.05) higher in piglets fed a diet supplemented with defatted bovine colostrum. CONCLUSIONS: With defatted bovine colostrum, the increased antibacterial activity secretion against Escherichia coli may limit pathogenic bacteria overgrowth of the gut and reduce diarrheal episodes. The role of secretin in the increased pancreatic juice flow and lipase secretion was considered. PMID: 19136910 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2006 Sep;40(9):797-801. Epub 2006 Jul 6.

The influence of bovine colostrum supplementation on exercise performance in highly trained cyclists.
Shing CM, Jenkins DG, Stevenson L, Coombes JS. School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. cshing@hms.uq.edu.au

PURPOSE: The aim of this experiment was to investigate the influence of low dose bovine colostrum supplementation on exercise performance in cyclists over a 10 week period that included 5 days of high intensity training (HIT). METHODS: Over 7 days of preliminary testing, 29 highly trained male road cyclists completed a VO(2max) test (in which their ventilatory threshold was estimated), a time to fatigue test at 110% of ventilatory threshold, and a 40 km time trial (TT40). Cyclists were then assigned to either a supplement (n = 14, 10 g/day bovine colostrum protein concentrate (CPC)) or a placebo group (n = 15, 10 g/day whey protein) and resumed their normal training. Following 5 weeks of supplementation, the cyclists returned to the laboratory to complete a second series of performance testing (week 7). They then underwent five consecutive days of HIT (week 8) followed by a further series of performance tests (week 9). RESULTS: The influence of bovine CPC on TT40 performance during normal training was unclear (week 7: 1+/-3.1%, week 9: 0.1+/-2.1%; mean+/-90% confidence limits). However, at the end of the HIT period, bovine CPC supplementation, compared to the placebo, elicited a 1.9+/-2.2% improvement from baseline in TT40 performance and a 2.3+/-6.0% increase in time trial intensity (% VO(2max)), and maintained TT40 heart rate (2.5+/-3.7%). In addition, bovine CPC supplementation prevented a decrease in ventilatory threshold following the HIT period (4.6+/-4.6%). CONCLUSION: Low dose bovine CPC supplementation elicited improvements in TT40 performance during an HIT period and maintained ventilatory threshold following five consecutive days of HIT. PMID: 16825268 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2002 Sep;12(3):349-65.

Oral bovine colostrum supplementation enhances buffer capacity but not rowing performance in elite female rowers.
Brinkworth GD, Buckley JD, Bourdon PC, Gulbin JP, David A. Centre for Research in Education and Sports Science at the University of South Australia, Adelaide 5032, South Australia.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled design was used in which 13 elite female rowers, all of whom had competed at World Championships, were supplemented with 60 g day-1 of either bovine colostrum (BC; n = 6) or concentrated whey protein powder (WP; n = 7) during 9 weeks of pre-competition training. All subjects undertook the study as a group and completed the same training program. Prior to, and after 9 weeks of supplementation and training, subjects completed an incremental rowing test (ROW1) on a rowing ergometer consisting of 3 3 4-min submaximal workloads and a 4-min maximal effort (4 max), each separated by a 1-min recovery period. The rowing test was repeated after a 15-min period of passive recovery (ROW2). The 4 max for ROW1 provided a measure of performance, and the difference between the 4 max efforts of ROW1 and ROW2 provided an index of recovery. Blood lactate concentrations and pH measured prior to exercise and at the end of each workload were used to estimate blood buffer capacity (beta). Food intake was recorded daily for dietary analysis. There were no differences in macronutrient intakes (p >.56) or training volumes (p >.99) between BC and WP during the study period. Rowing performance (distance rowed and work done) during 4 max of ROW2 was less than ROW1 at baseline (p <.05) but not different between groups (p >.05). Performance increased in both rows by Week 9 (p <.001), with no difference between groups (p >.75). However, the increase was greatest in ROW2 (p <.05), such that by Week 9 there was no longer a difference in performance between the two rows in either group (p >.05). b was not different between groups for ROW1 at baseline (BC 38.3 5.0, WP 38.2 7.2 slykes; p >.05) but was higher in BC by Week 9 (BC 40.8 5.9, WP 33.4 5.3 slykes; p <.05). b for ROW2 followed the same pattern of change as for ROW1. We conclude that supplementation with BC improves b, but not performance, in elite female rowers. It was not possible to determine whether b had any effect on recovery. PMID: 12432178 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2009 Jan;29(1):37-44.

Bovine colostrum modulates cytokine production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and phytohemagglutinin.
Shing CM, Peake JM, Suzuki K, Jenkins DG, Coombes JS. School of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Cecilia.Shing@utas.edu.au

Bovine colostrum has been shown to influence the cytokine production of bovine leukocytes. However, it remains unknown whether processed bovine colostrum, a supplement popular among athletes to enhance immune function, is able to modulate cytokine secretion of human lymphocytes and monocytes. The aim of this investigation was to determine the influence of a commercially available bovine colostrum protein concentrate (CPC) to stimulate cytokine production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Blood was sampled from four healthy male endurance athletes who had abstained from exercise for 48 h. PBMCs were separated and cultured with bovine CPC concentrations of 0 (control), 1.25, 2.5, and 5% with and without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (3 microg/mL) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) (2.5 microg/mL). Cell supernatants were collected at 6 and 24 h of culture for the determination of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-2 concentrations. Bovine CPC significantly stimulated the release of IFN-gamma, IL-10, and IL-2 (p < 0.03). The addition of LPS to PBMCs cocultured with bovine CPC significantly stimulated the release of IL-2 and inhibited the early release of TNF, IL-6, and IL-4 (p < 0.02). Phytohemagglutinin stimulation in combination with bovine CPC significantly increased the secretion of IL-10 and IL-2 at 6 h of culture and inhibited IFN-gamma and TNF (p < 0.05). This data show that a commercial bovine CPC is able to modulate in vitro cytokine production of human PBMCs. Alterations in cytokine secretion may be a potential mechanism for reported benefits associated with supplementation. PMID: 19014336 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2007 Oct;30(4):447-54.

Immunomodulatory effects of bovine colostrum in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Biswas P, Vecchi A, Mantegani P, Mantelli B, Fortis C, Lazzarin A. San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Lab. of Clinical Immunology/Clinic of Infectious Diseases. biswas.priscilla@hsr.it

Human and bovine colostrum (BC) contain a remarkable amount of bioactive substances, including antibodies towards many common pathogens of the intestinal and respiratory tract as well as growth factors, vitamins, cytokines and other proteic, lipidic and glucidic factors. In this study we investigated whether BC had any immunomodulatory effect on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors. To this aim we focused on the production of IL-12 and IFN-gamma, cytokines involved in the Th1 polarization required for a successful immune response towards intracellular pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses. BC induced a dose-dependent production of IL-12 by CD14+ monocytes, but was unable to induce IFN-gamma production. However, BC differentially affected stimuli-induced IFN-gamma production: it enhanced IFN-gamma in response to weak antigenic stimulation and it inhibited IFN-gamma in response to strong antigenic stimulation. These effects were not dose-dependent. We also measured PBMC proliferation, which was substantially unaffected by BC. Our data suggest that the Th1-promoting activity of BC could contribute, together with the antibodies, to the protective effect of BC on the offspring. BC could also represent an inexpensive therapeutic tool in prevention and treatment of several human microbial infections, including influenza. PMID: 18080681 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2009;39(12):1033-54. doi: 10.2165/11317860-000000000-00000.

1998 Dec;17(12):1149-54.

Successful treatment of rotavirus diarrhea in children with immunoglobulin from immunized bovine colostrum.
Sarker SA, Casswall TH, Mahalanabis D, Alam NH, Albert MJ, Brüssow H, Fuchs GJ, Hammerström L. International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh. asarker@cis.icddrb.org

BACKGROUND: Oral ingestion of immunoglobulins in humans has been shown to be effective as prophylaxis against enteric infections. However, its therapeutic effect in children with infectious diarrhea has hitherto not been proven. We treated children with rotavirus diarrhea with immunoglobulins extracted from immunized bovine colostrum (IIBC) containing high titers of antibodies against four rotavirus serotypes. METHODS: In this double blind placebo-controlled trial, 80 children with rotavirus diarrhea were randomly assigned to receive orally either 10 g of IIBC (containing 3.6 g of antirotavirus antibodies) daily for 4 days or the same amount of a placebo preparation. The daily stool output (grams/kg/day), intake of oral rehydration solution (ml/kg/day), stool frequency (number of stools/day) and presence of rotavirus in stool were monitored for the 4 days during treatment. RESULTS: Children who received IIBC had significantly less daily and total stool output and stool frequency and required a smaller amount of oral rehydration solution than did children who received placebo (P < 0.05). Clearance of rotavirus from the stool was also earlier in the IIBC group compared with the placebo group (mean day, 1.5 vs. 2.9, P < 0.001). No adverse reactions from the colostrum treatment were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with antirotavirus immunoglobulin of bovine colostral origin is effective in the management of children with acute rotavirus diarrhea. PMID: 9877365 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2006 Jun;41(6):682-6.

a new product based on bovine colostrum, alleviates HIV-associated diarrhoea.
Florén CH, Chinenye S, Elfstrand L, Hagman C, Ihse I. Department of Internal Medicine, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. claes-henrik.floren@skane.se

OBJECTIVE: HIV-associated diarrhoea occurs in nearly all patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the developing countries. Diarrhoea is caused by the HIV-related immune dysfunction and is pivotal in the decrease of the helper T-cell (CD4 + ) population. Enteric pathogens in HIV-associated diarrhoea are, for example, Cryptosporidium, Amoeba and Campylobacter species. Bovine colostrum is the first milk the suckling calf receives from the cow. It is rich in immunoglobulins, growth factors, antibacterial peptides and nutrients. It supplies the calf with a passive immunity before its own active immunity is established. ColoPlus is a product based on bovine colostrum and is designed for slow passage through the gastrointestinal tract, as well as having a high nutritional value. The aim of the study was to investigate whether ColoPlus given orally can influence the severe diarrhoea associated with HIV infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was carried out at Braithwaite Memorial Specialist Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Thirty patients with HIV-associated diarrhoea were included in the study. The patients were treated with ColoPlus for 4 weeks in an open-labelled non-randomized study, after an observational period of one week. After a post-treatment period of another two weeks, treatment with anti-HIV drugs was started, if deemed appropriate. The effects on the frequency of stool evacuations per day, on body-weight, fatigue, haemoglobin levels and CD4+ counts before (week 1) and after treatment with ColoPlus (week 7) were measured. RESULTS: There was a dramatic decrease in stool evacuations per day from 7.0+/-2.7 to 1.3+/-0.5 (+/-SD), a substantial decrease in self-estimated fatigue of 81%, an increase in body-weight of 7.3 kg per patient and an increase in CD4+ count by 125%. CONCLUSION: ColoPlus may be an important alternative or additional treatment in HIV-associated diarrhoea. PMID: 16716966 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2000 Nov;84 Suppl 1:S69-74.

Oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates in bovine milk and colostrum.
Gopal PK, Gill HS. New Zealand Dairy Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. pramod.gopal@nzdri.org.nz

Oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates are some of the most important bioactive components in milk. A great deal of information is available on the biological function of the components from human milk. Their primary role seems to be in providing protection against pathogens by acting as competitive inhibitors for the binding sites on the epithelial surfaces of the intestine. Evidence is also available to support the role of some of these components as growth promoters for genera of beneficial microflora in the colon. Compared with human milk, levels of oligosaccharides in bovine milk are very low. Nevertheless, a number of neutral and acidic oligosaccharides have been isolated from bovine milk and characterised. The highest concentration of these molecules is found in early postparturition milk (colostrum). The chemical structure of the oligosaccharides and many of the glycoconjugates from bovine milk are similar to those in human milk. It is likely that bovine oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates can be used in milk products as bioactive components in human nutrition. PMID: 11242449 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2007;13(8):829-43.

Technological options for the production of health-promoting proteins and peptides derived from milk and colostrum.
Korhonen H, Pihlanto A. MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Biotechnology and Food Research, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland. hannu.j.korhonen@mtt.fi

Milk proteins are known to exert a wide range of nutritional, functional and biological activities. Apart from being a balanced source of valuable amino acids, milk proteins contribute to the consistency and sensory properties of various dairy products. Furthermore, many milk proteins possess specific biological properties which make them potential ingredients of health-promoting foods. These properties are attributed to both native protein molecules and to physiologically active peptides encrypted in the protein molecules. Considerable progress has been made over the last twenty years in technologies aimed at separation, fractionation and isolation in a purified form of many interesting proteins occurring in bovine colostrum and milk. Industrial-scale methods have been developed for native whey proteins such as immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin. Their large-scale manufacture and commercial exploitation is still limited although validated research data about their physiological health benefits is rapidly accumulating. Promising product concepts and novel fields of use have emerged recently, and some of these molecules have already found commercial applications. The same applies to bioactive peptides derived from different milk proteins. Active peptides can be liberated during gastrointestinal digestion or milk fermentation with proteolytic enzymes. Such peptides may exert a number of physiological effects in vivo on the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, endocrine, immune, nervous and other body systems. However, at present the industrial-scale production of such peptides is limited by a lack of suitable technologies. On the other hand, a number of bioactive peptides have been identified in fermented dairy products, and there are already a few commercial dairy products enriched with blood pressure-reducing milk protein peptides. There is a need to develop methods to optimise the activity of bioactive peptides in food systems and to enable their optimum utilisation in the body. This review highlights existing modern technologies applicable for the isolation of bioactive native proteins and peptides derived from bovine colostrum, milk and cheese whey, and discusses aspects of their current and potential applications for human nutrition and promotion of human health. PMID: 17430184 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2008 May;46(5):211-25.

Bovine colostrum as a biologic in clinical medicine: a review--Part II: clinical studies.
Struff WG, Sprotte G. Center for Transfusion Medicine Muenster, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service West gGmbH, Muenster, Germany.

The value of bovine colostrum as a biologic in medicine is documented in clinical trials and supported by relatively large databases containing case reports and anecdotal findings. The main actions include an antibacterial effect and modulation of the immune response. The ability of bovine colostrum concentrates (BCC are polyvalent bovine colostrum concentrates produced from the colostrums of several 100 cows) to neutralize lipopolysaccharides, i.e. endotoxins arising from Gram-negative bacterial pathogens and to inhibit enterogenic endotoxemia in animal models as shown in the last review to have its counterpart in patient therapy. Clinical trials with BCC provide evidence that oral application reduces the influx of LPS from the gut and this appears to be a major mechanism underlying its therapeutic effect in patients at risk for Gram-negative septic shock; data from two well-controlled clinical studies with a total of 100 surgical patients have shown that the inhibition of intestinal LPS absorption measured after the application of BCC not only reduced the LPS levels in the peripheral blood but also inflammatory parameters like IL-6 and CRP were found to be diminished. The usual daily dose of the commercially available BCC preparation, LactobinA (LC1) is 10 â 20 g daily, but higher doses can be used in the majority of patients because of the low incidence of intolerance problems. In chronic diarrhea involving severe forms of secondary immunodeficiencies, patients receiving LC1 were disease-free for about 4 weeks but the response may be lower in patients with AIDS. BCC is effective in infants with hemorrhagic diarrhea caused by infections with enterohemorrhagic E. coli and reduces the likelihood of the disease progressing to a hemolytic uremic syndrome. The safety of newer BCC products obtained from BSE-free regions seems now beyond contention. In the case of LC1, which was used as a commercial dietary foodstuff in Germany until 1992 and tested in three Phase 1 and 5 clinical studies (two trials in patients with secondary immunodeficiencies, one in surgical patients with gastrointestinal disorders, one in patients undergoing open heart surgery and one in pediatric patients with EHEC infections), there were no cases of BSE-associated disease such as the new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Side effects of clinical relevance are limited to possible intolerance to lactose and sensitivity to milk proteins as these are also present in many commonly used foodstuffs. Important synergistic actions with conventional drug therapies have been observed with BCC including a reduction in LPS plasma levels in patients with Gram-negative bacterial infections treated with bactericidal antibiotics. In healthy persons there are only small concentrations of LPS detectable in peripheral blood (normal values: 3 â 10 pg/ ml plasma, i.e. approximately 0.1 EU/ml). In contrast, elevated systemic levels with concentrations > 300 pg/ml are common in patients with severe Gram-negative sepsis and septic shock. Raised LPS levels occur mainly in patients with Gram-negative bacterial infections who have been treated with bacteriocidal antibiotics. The LPS-lowering effects of BCC are probably due to the numerous active components present in BCC which have their origin in the innate humoral and adaptive immune system of their biologic source, the cow. PMID: 18538107 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2006 Feb;16(1):47-64.

The effect of bovine colostrum supplementation on salivary IgA in distance runners.
Crooks CV, Wall CR, Cross ML, Rutherfurd-Markwick KJ. Institute of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand.

Secretory IgA in saliva (s-IgA) is a potential mucosal immune correlate of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) status. Nutritional supplements may improve mucosal immunity, and could be beneficial to athletes who are at increased risk of URTI. In this study, 35 distance runners (15 female, 20 male, age 35 to 58 y) consumed a supplement of either bovine colostrum or placebo for 12 wk. Saliva samples were taken prior to training at baseline, monthly during supplementation, and 2 wk post supplementation. Median levels of s-IgA increased by 79% in the colostrum group after 12 wk intervention, and the time-dependent change from baseline value was significant (P = 0.0291). This significance was still apparent after adjusting for training volume and self-reporting of upper respiratory symptoms. This study has demonstrated increased s-IgA levels among a cohort of athletes following colostrum supplementation. While this result is statistically significant, its physiological interpretation must be viewed with caution due to the small numbers in this study and the large variability in s-IgA levels. PMID: 16676703 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2007 Aug;42(4):402-9.

Antioxidants in bovine colostrum.
Przybylska J, Albera E, Kankofer M. Department of Animal Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University, Lublin, Poland.

Quality, content and properties of colostrum are crucial for the neonate and its further development. Due to essential differences between intrauterine and extrauterine environment, the neonate is exposed to oxidative stress conditions. Colostrum apart from nutrient and immunological components should contain antioxidative systems necessary for the protection against reactive oxygen species. This review describes available data on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in colostrum. Due to the fact that the literature concerning bovine colostrum is scanty, the information based on bovine mature milk determinations as well as other species is provided. Bovine colostrum is used not only by calves, but also for the production of hyperimmunized colostrum, medicines or feed supplements. Quality of colostrum influences quality of mature milk. This is another reason, except from health of neonate, why antioxidative properties of bovine colostrum are of special importance and require further detailed elucidation. PMID: 17635778 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2003 Sep;27(6):453-61.

A low-molecular-weight fraction of bovine colostrum and milk enhances the oxidative burst activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Sugisawa H, Itou T, Saito M, Moritomo T, Miura Y, Sakai T. Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Nihon University School of Veterinary Medicine, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan.

Bovine colostrum and milk contain many immunomodulatory components. The low-molecular-weight fraction (< 10 kDa) was separated from colostrum and milk by gel filtration chromatography, and its effect on the oxidative burst of bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) was investigated in vitro. The oxidative burst activity induced by Staphylococcus aureus was considerably enhanced when PMNLs were incubated with this low-molecular-weight fraction. However, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate did not trigger a burst after priming with this fraction. The oxidative burst activity enhanced by this fraction was reduced after heating. These results confirmed that a low-molecular-weight substance(s) of less than 10 kDa, present in bovine milk and colostrum, enhances the oxidative burst activity of PMNL.

2009 Sep 9:1. [Epub ahead of print]

Bovine colostrum promotes growth and migration of the human keratinocyte HaCaT cell line.
Kovacs D, Cardinali G, Aspite N, Picardo M. San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.

Bovine colostrum represents a rich source of growth factors, which are known to play a central role in wound healing. The aim of our study was to investigate the possible mitogenic and motogenic effects induced by colostrum on human keratinocytes. Cell proliferation evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide test and 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation revealed that colostrum exerts a growth promoting activity. Scratch assay and immunofluorescence of actin cytoskeleton showed its effectiveness also in inducing cell migration. Furthermore, colostrum treatment increases the levels of tyrosine phosphorylated proteins and the activated forms of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 and such effects appear to be repressed by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein. Our results indicate that the biological activities of colostrum are specifically mediated by the growth factor-induced activation of tyrosine kinase receptors and underline the relevance of the synergistic action exerted by the growth factors in stimulating keratinocyte proliferation and migration essential for tissue repair. PMID: 19742357 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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